In lower extremity circulation, where is the most common site of atherosclerosis?

The most common site of atherosclerosis in lower extremity circulation is often associated with the arterial segment beginning in Hunter's canal, which refers to the adductor canal in the thigh. This region is significant because it is a transitional area where the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery. Atherosclerosis tends to develop in regions where there are natural anatomical changes and bifurcations, as well as in areas subjected to turbulent blood flow.

The arterial segment in Hunter's canal experiences higher shear stress patterns due to the changes in vessel geometry, making it more susceptible to plaque formation and atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, this segment serves as a pathway for blood supply to critical areas of the lower leg and is thus more vulnerable to the effects of systemic risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, such as hypertension and diabetes. Understanding these anatomical and physiological factors is crucial for identifying areas where vascular interventions may be necessary due to the high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease.