In TCD, the normal direction of flow in the Vertebral artery is?

In Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, the normal direction of blood flow in the vertebral artery is typically assessed in relation to the ultrasound beam used during the examination. When the vertebral artery is evaluated, normal intraluminal flow should be moving away from the probe, which corresponds to the blood flow proceeding in the direction of the heart.

This flow direction is important for correctly interpreting the Doppler waveforms and ensuring accurate assessment of cerebral blood flow dynamics. The characteristic signals produced when blood flows away from the transducer are essential for identifying both normal and abnormal hemodynamics in the vertebral artery.

Understanding the normal flow direction is crucial for distinguishing pathologies such as stenosis or occlusions, where abnormal flow patterns may present. This knowledge reinforces the relevance of the basic principles of Doppler hemodynamics specific to TCD, aiding clinicians in making informed diagnoses based on flow directionality observed during the procedure.