Stenosis in which vessel presents the highest risk for transient ischemic attacks (TIA)?

The internal carotid artery is associated with a higher risk for transient ischemic attacks (TIA) due to its critical role in supplying blood to the brain. Stenosis, or narrowing, in this artery can significantly impede blood flow, particularly to the regions of the brain responsible for crucial functions. As a result, any transient reduction in blood supply caused by embolic events or severe hemodynamic changes can lead to TIA symptoms, which are often characterized by sudden, temporary neurological deficits that resolve within 24 hours.

The internal carotid artery’s proximity to the brain makes it a vital vessel for maintaining cerebral perfusion. When stenosis occurs, it can lead to the formation of emboli that may travel upstream and obstruct smaller cerebral vessels, resulting in transient ischemic events. This connection emphasizes the heightened risk of TIAs associated with internal carotid artery stenosis.

In contrast, while stenosis in other arteries like the subclavian and vertebral arteries can have significant clinical impacts, particularly on the upper extremities and posterior circulation, the risk of TIA is predominantly linked to impaired blood flow to the anterior circulation of the brain supplied by the internal carotid artery. The femoral artery, mainly responsible for blood supply to the lower extremities