What are the components of Virchow's triad?

The components of Virchow's triad are integral to understanding the pathophysiology of venous thrombosis. The correct answer identifies stasis, increased hypercoagulability, and intimal injury as the three primary factors contributing to the formation of blood clots within veins.

Stasis refers to the slowing or pooling of blood flow, which can occur in situations such as prolonged immobility, certain medical conditions, or obstructive venous diseases. When blood flow is stagnant, it increases the likelihood of clot formation due to a lack of movement that normally helps to dilute clotting factors.

Increased hypercoagulability involves a state where the blood's ability to clot is enhanced, whether due to genetic factors, certain medications, or medical conditions that affect coagulation. This can lead to an increased risk of clot development as the balance between coagulation and anticoagulation is disrupted.

Intimal injury relates to damage or disruption of the endothelium, which lines the blood vessels. Damage to this layer can lead to a prothrombotic state, as endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and regulating clotting.

Understanding these three components collectively helps explain why thrombus formation occurs in venous systems, highlighting the