What syndrome is associated with hypertension after carotid endarterectomy?

Hyperperfusion syndrome is associated with hypertension following carotid endarterectomy due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. This occurs because, during the procedure, blood flow to the brain is temporarily reduced to facilitate the surgery; once it is restored, the sudden increase in blood flow can lead to elevated blood pressure. The brain, having adapted to lower blood flow prior to the surgery, may not immediately accommodate the increased perfusion, resulting in symptoms like headache, confusion, and hypertension.

The other options do not accurately capture the physiological changes that occur post-surgery. For instance, hypotension syndrome would imply a drop in blood pressure rather than an increase, while fluid overload syndrome relates to excessive fluid accumulation, which is not specifically linked to this surgical context. Cerebral edema syndrome involves swelling of the brain tissue and although it can occur postoperatively, it is not directly correlated with the hypertension seen in hyperperfusion syndrome. This highlights why hyperperfusion syndrome is the correct response in the context of elevated blood pressure following carotid endarterectomy.