Where in the cerebrovascular system does atherosclerosis most commonly occur?

Atherosclerosis most commonly occurs at the origin of the internal carotid artery because this site experiences disturbed flow and turbulence, especially where blood vessels branch or bend. The internal carotid artery's origin is a critical region where hemodynamic forces interact, leading to the development of plaques. These plaques can progressively narrow the artery, reducing blood flow to the brain and increasing the risk of strokes.

Factors contributing to atherosclerosis in this area include exposure to higher shear stress from the circulating blood and the anatomical features that create zones of lower flow, which can favor the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells. Understanding this pathophysiological process is crucial in vascular technology as it highlights the high-risk areas for ischemic events and guides diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.