Which of the following arteries is involved in potential collateral circulation in the brain?

The vertebral artery plays a crucial role in the potential collateral circulation in the brain due to its contributions to the posterior circulation. It arises from the subclavian arteries and, along with its counterpart on the opposite side, forms the basilar artery as it ascends along the brainstem. This anatomical arrangement is significant because it helps maintain adequate blood flow to the brain, particularly in situations where other arteries may become occluded or narrowed.

Collateral circulation refers to alternative pathways for blood flow that can compensate for obstructions in major arteries. The vertebral arteries are integral to the Circle of Willis, a circular system of arteries at the base of the brain that ensures blood supply to critical regions even if one part of the arterial supply is compromised. When one vertebral artery is blocked or has reduced flow, the other can often assist in maintaining blood supply, illustrating how vital this artery is for ensuring continual perfusion to brain structures.

The other arteries listed, while they may have their own functions in blood supply to different areas of the body, do not serve the same critical role in preserving cerebral circulation through collateral pathways as the vertebral arteries do.